1.2.3. The present tense of the future expression The present tense is also used for the future events. It is often co-occurred with the future time adverbials because, if not, it is usually treated as the usual usage of the present tense. This future expression expresses a deterministic future. See the following examples. (25) a. Tomorrow is Saturday. b. The train leaves at 7:30 this evening. c. We start for Istanbul to-night. (Three examples are Leech:1971a, p.7) The above expresses the future events which are occurred certainly. It is contrast to "will" and "shall" of the future expressions. (25a) means the calendar which is naturally not changed. (25b) is also not changed, it is the diagram. (25c) is slightly ambiguous but it usually means not changed, that is, the deterministic plan. As mentioned above, these can also be said the present fact rather than the future expression. See the following figure of the present tense representing the future. (26) In the above, S and M are at the present and E is at the future. M means not separation from the present although the future time adverbials are co-occurred like "tomorrow." Because the present tense expressing the future treats the event as the present fact. The meanings of M of the future expression are also explained in detail in the chapter 4.

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