Page 27 -The morning of the next day. It was not lively on the campus for it was Saturday, a holiday. In the office there was a man in a good mood and a cat getting wet.- I had my hair washed outside. I still felt weight but I was in a good mood too. "I wish I had more guts. I love Mary. Does she love me? What do you think, Sherry?"Rickey looked at me and said. I didn't care to answer and tidied myself up. "Next time, I want to propose to her." Next time … well, it's worth it, maybe … Today's points -The point 1- I had my hair washed outside. "Have" is also used to order someone to do it. The person is put after it and the verb is put next. For example, "I had my brother paint the wall." means my brother paint the wall, because I ordered him to do it. It means compulsion like "make." "Let" can also be used. These are called the causative verb, they are explained in Page 14. By the way, the person is not put after "have" like the beginning sentence "I had my hair washed outside." and the verb "washed" is not past form, it is the past participle. When it is used, it means we were helped. Thus, the sentence means someone washed my hair and I was helped. (1) Did you go for a hair cut? Yes. I had a hair cut. (Someone cut my hair.) Oh, your room is always tidy. Do you often clean your room? No. I have my room cleaned every week. (Someone cleans my room.) -The point 2- I wish I had more guts. "I wish" means a imagination as when we can do it, we might be comfortable. The sentence is put after it but the past form is used. If we use the auxiliary verb like can, we use could. These forms are as follows. (2) a. I wish + the subject + the past form or b. I wish + the subject + the past form of the auxiliary verb + the verb Although the past form is used, the meaning is not the past. It is the present. This is a hypothesis and is called the subjunctive mood. (3) She has been away from Japan for three years. I wish I could have a chance to meet her. You have something to talk to her about. Yes. I want to talk to her. Have you finished your graduation thesis yet? No. I'm writing it now. Can you complete it? I don't know. I wish I had more time. Hello, Sherry. Hello, Buttered. Look, Fiona is coming. Libre is talking to her. I see. Where are Pina and Roy? They haven't come here yet? Shall we go? Okay. I wish Fiona's keeper would cancel the move. The subjunctive mood means not reality. For example, in "I wish I had a lot of guts.", he do not have any guts in practice. Moreover, in "I wish Fiona's keeper canceled the movement.", he think the keeper does not cancel it. When the past form is used, it means the present hypothesis. But the past participle is used, the past hypothesis is appeared. This form is "had + the past participle." And when the auxiliary verb is used, it is changed into the past form and "have + the past participle" is put next. These form are as follows. (4) a. I wish + the subject + had + the past participle or b. I wish + the subject + the past form of the auxiliary verb + have + the past participle. (5) I wish I had married another man. Why did you marry him? Before I got married to him, I got pregnant. Hm, not planned. And he is stupid. These also mean not reality in the past. In "I wish I had married another man." means I did not marry another man in the past in practice. But this subjunctive mood with the past participle is not often used in spoken. -The point 3- Next time … well, it's worth it, maybe … "Worth" means it is good or you are better than you do not do it. "It's worth it." means we have the same idea and you are good. (6) To study abroad is very expensive. But it's worth it. I don't know what will happen, but I'll ask her next time. It's worth it. Good luck! Moreover, the ing verbs are put after worth. (7) I'm going to go to Japan next week. Really? It's worth visiting Kyoto. It's one of the oldest cities in Japan. This pot is one hundred thousand yen. I want it but it's very expensive. It's worth buying. -Note- Marry "Marry" means a man and a woman live in the house together and they give mutual help to each other. The form, "get married to", is often used. "Married" is the adjective of "marry." Bronx got married to her five years ago. I was not born five years ago. By the way, "get married" means changing into the new life, but "be married" means the stative. (8) Bronx is married to her. "Marriage" is the noun of "marry." "An arranged married" means the marriage after they met somewhere when they have the intention to marry each other. Someone prepares the plan. Moreover, "A love marriage" means the marriage after they love each other for a long time or a short time.

previous page

EnglishCafe Top

following page

Copyright (c) EnglishCafe : Unapproved printing of the text and figure in this site is forbidden.